Motivations and barriers to pursue cancer genomic testing: A systematic review

ObjectivesSingle-gene testing is associated with psycho-social challenges for cancer patients. Genomic testing may amplify these. The aim of this study was to understand patients’ motivations and barriers to pursue cancer genomic testing, to enable healthcare providers to support their patients throughout the testing process and interpretation of test results.MethodsFive databases were searched for original peer reviewed research articles published between January 2001 and September 2018 addressing motivation for genomic cancer testing. QualSyst was used to assess quality.Results182 studies were identified and 17 were included for review. Studies were heterogenous. Both somatic and germline testing were included, and 14 studies used hypothetical scenarios. 3249 participants were analyzed, aged 18 to 94. Most were female and white. The most common diagnoses were breast, ovarian, lung and colorectal cancer. Interest in testing was high. Motivations included ability to predict cancer risk, inform disease management, benefit families, and understand cancer. Barriers included concerns about cost, privacy/confidentiality, clinical utility, and psychological harm.ConclusionsDespite concerns, consumers are interested in cancer genomic testing if it can provide actionable results for themselves and their families.Practice ImplicationsProviders must manage understanding and expectations of testing and translate genetic information into health-promoting behaviours.     

糖尿病肛漏创面应用美洲大蠊提取液的lncRNA高通量测序及维恩图分析＊

目的 基于高通量测序及维恩图预测美洲大蠊提取液促进糖尿病肛漏创面愈合的顺、反式lncRNA及Pathway。方法 选取湖南中医药大学第二附属医院收治的糖尿病肛漏患者术后创面12例，利用高通量测序技术检测6例术后创面组（A组）和6例术后创面应用美洲大蠊提取液创面组（B组）中lncRNAs和mRNAs表达，进行GO分析和KEGG通路分析，构建lncRNA-mRNA的共表达网络图，并通过Cis-及Trans-预测与创面愈合相关lncRNA。结果 实验组差异表达的lncRNAs2242个（上调649个，下调1593个），mRNAs有13186个（上调5162个，下调8024个）。GO分析发现差异表达的lncRNA-cis主要富集在表皮细胞分化、上皮细胞分化、细胞代谢过程的调节等；差异表达的lncRNA-trans主要富集在细胞代谢过程、蛋白质结合、细胞内部分等。通过KEGG通路分析，筛选出与本研究相关的3条通路：IBD、MAPK signaling pathway、AMPK signaling pathway；lncRNA靶标基因预测中最终筛选出3个lncRNA（ENST00000443364、ENST00000576797、ENST00000620167），进行PCR验证，lncRNAENST00000443364、ENST00000576797与芯片结果一致。结论 美洲大蠊提取液可能通过lncRNAENST00000443364、ENST00000576797顺式及反式调控靶标基因，影响表皮细胞分化、上皮细胞分化、细胞代谢过程的调节等功能以及影响IBD、MAPK signaling pathway、AMPK signaling pathway促进糖尿病肛漏创面愈合。     

Absence of FGFR3–TACC3 rearrangement in hematological malignancies with numerical chromosomal alteration

FGFR–TACC, found in different tumor types, is characterized by the fusion of a member of fibroblast grown factor receptor (FGFR) tyrosine kinase (TK) family to a member of the transforming acidic coiled-coil (TACC) proteins. Because chromosome numerical alterations, hallmarks of FGFR–TACC fusions are present in many hematological disorders and there are no data on the prevalence, we studied a series of patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome who presented numerical alterations using cytogenetic traditional analysis. None of the analyzed samples showed FGFR3–TACC3 gene fusion, so screening for this mutation at diagnosis is not recommended.     

基于16S rDNA测序的肠道菌群探讨解郁祛痰化浊方对高脂饮食大鼠肠-肝轴的影响

目的 研究解郁祛痰化浊方（JQHP）对高脂饮食大鼠肠道菌群的影响，探讨中药调控肠道微生物群进而恢复肠-肝轴的平衡。方法 将70只雄性SPF级别Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组（10只）与模型组（60只），正常组饲喂正常饲料，模型组饲喂高脂饲料。12周后将模型组随机分为6组，每组10只，即模型组，血脂康组，立普妥组，JQHP低、中、高剂量组。JQHP低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃JQHP颗粒剂0.4，0.8，1.6 g·kg^-1，立普妥组予立普妥2 mg·kg^-1，血脂康组予血脂康0.1 g·kg^-1，正常组和模型组大鼠灌胃同等量蒸馏水，连续灌胃8周后收集粪便，进行16S rRNA基因测序，行腹主动脉取血检测血脂，取肝脏组织及回肠组织苏木素-伊红（HE）染色后进行病理形态学观察。结果 与正常组比较，模型组大鼠血脂四项总胆固醇（TC），甘油三酯（TG），低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）均见明显升高，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）降低（P<0.01）；与模型组比较，血脂康组、立普妥组TC，TG显著性下降（P<0.01），血脂康组HDL-C升高（P<0.05）。JQHP中剂量组较模型组对肝脏脂肪样变有一定的缓解作用，可以减轻炎性细胞的浸润情况。JQHP可使回肠结构淋巴组织增生情况好转，且中剂量组疗效最显著。Shannon曲线结果表明，与正常组比较，JQHP中剂量组显著提高（P<0.01）；与模型组比较，JQHP中、高剂量组明显升高（P<0.05，P<0.01）；与JQHP中剂量组比较，其他用药组降低（P<0.05，P<0.01）。主成分多样性分析（PCA）示中药中剂量组多样性和丰度高于其他用药组。线性判别分析（LDA）中，与正常组比较，模型组拟杆菌纲，瘤胃球菌科，拟杆菌S24-7，瘤胃球菌UCG-005下调（P<0.01），脱硫弧菌目、丹毒丝菌目、毛螺菌科上调（P<0.05，P<0.01）。与模型组比较，JQHP中剂量组的拟杆菌纲，瘤胃球菌科，拟杆菌S24-7，瘤胃球菌UCG-005上调（P<0.05，P<0.01），丹毒丝菌目下调（P<0.01）。与JQHP中剂量组比较，其他用药组拟杆菌纲，瘤胃球菌科，拟杆菌S24-7，瘤胃球菌UCG-005中降低（P<0.05，P<0.01），在丹毒丝菌目、毛螺菌科中升高（P<0.05，P<0.01）。结论 JQHP调整肠道物种丰度和多样性，改善肝脏组织和回肠黏膜状态，调节血脂水平，恢复正常肠道生态环境，可能与调节与炎症相关的肠道菌群而恢复肠-肝轴平衡有关，以中剂量组效果最佳。     

基因组拷贝数变异测序与染色体核型分析在胎儿遗传学诊断中的比较

目的比较基因组拷贝数变异测序(CNV-seq)技术和染色体核型分析和在产前胎儿遗传学诊断中的应用价值。方法收集来我院有产前诊断指征进行羊水穿刺的259例孕妇,取材后,送检染色体核型分析和CNV-seq,比较两种方法在产前诊断中的优缺点。结果259例标本中,共诊断异常染色体核型及微缺失微重复23例,总阳性诊断率8.88%(23/259),CNV-seq结果显示,共有22例染色体拷贝数异常(12例三体+9例微缺失微重复+1例三倍体),检出率为8.49%;染色体核型分析结果显示为:17例染色体异常(12例三体+3例结构异常+1例嵌合型+1例三倍体),检出率为6.56%。此外还检出染色体多态7例。结论CNV-seq与染色体核型分析对于染色体非整倍体的检测效力一致,CNV-seq能检测染色体微缺失微重复,染色体核型分析则能诊断出三体具体核型,在怀疑性染色体异常时,建议行两者联合检测。     

溃疡性结肠炎薄白苔和黄腻苔患者的肠道菌群特征分析

  目的：通过分析溃疡性结肠炎(UC)薄白苔、黄腻苔患者的肠道菌群特征,探讨UC患者舌苔与肠道菌群之间的关系。  方法：选取UC薄白苔患者、UC黄腻苔患者、健康对照者各35例,分别设为UC薄白苔组、UC黄腻苔组、健康对照组。收集粪便标本,采用16S rDNA基因测序分析技术和生物信息学方法分析比较各组肠道菌群的多样性和丰度。  结果：①与健康对照组比较,UC薄白苔、黄腻苔组患者肠道菌群物种的丰富度和多样性降低(P＜0.001),肠道菌群物种数量减少；与UC薄白苔组比较,UC黄腻苔组患者肠道菌群丰富度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但肠道菌群物种数量减少。②门水平差异分析:与健康对照组比较,UC薄白苔、黄腻苔组患者肠道菌群中厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)减少(P＜0.05)；与UC薄白苔组比较,UC黄腻苔组患者肠道菌群中蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)增多(P＜0.05)。③属水平差异分析:与健康对照组比较,UC薄白苔组患者肠道菌群中埃希氏-志贺氏菌属(Escherichia-Shigella)、链球菌属(Streptococcus)等增多(P＜0.05),罕见小球菌属(Subdoligranulum)、多尔氏菌属(Dorea)、瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)、罗氏菌属(Roseburia)等减少(P＜0.05)；UC黄腻苔组患者肠道菌群中埃希氏-志贺氏菌属(Escherichia-Shigella)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)等增多(P＜0.05),多尔氏菌属(Dorea)、罕见小球菌属(Subdoligranulum)、瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)、考拉杆菌属(Phascolarctobacterium)、罗氏菌属(Roseburia)等减少(P＜0.05)。与UC薄白苔组比较,UC黄腻苔组患者肠道菌群链球菌(Streptococcus)增多(P＜0.05),巨球型菌属(Megasphaera)、拟普氏菌属(Alloprevotella)、普氏菌属(Prevotella)、奈瑟氏菌属(Neisseria)等减少(P＜0.05)。④LDA判定(纲、目、科水平):UC薄白苔组患者肠道菌群中普氏菌科(f_Prevotellaceae)、奈瑟氏球菌目(o_Neisseriales)、奈瑟氏球菌科(f_Neisseriaceae)丰度显著多于UC黄腻苔组(LDA＞2.0),UC黄腻苔组患者肠道菌群中杆菌纲(c_Bacilli)、乳杆菌目(o_Lactobacillales)、链球菌科(f_Streptococcaceae)、消化链球菌科(f_Peptostreptococcaceae)丰度显著高于UC薄白苔组(LDA＞2.0)。  结论：UC薄白苔、黄腻苔患者肠道菌群丰富度和多样性均较健康者明显下降；UC薄白苔患者和UC黄腻苔患者在肠道菌群组成和细菌丰度上均存在差异,黄腻苔患者肠道致病性细菌增多而具有潜在保护作用的细菌减少；肠道菌群检测可以为舌诊现代化提供一定的信息。     

First report of Mortierella wolfii causing fungal keratitis from a tertiary eye hospital in India

A young 33 year old male presented with non-resolving corneal infiltrate for 2 month duration in the right eye. KOH/ Calcoflour wet mount revealed sparsely septate fungal hyphae. Post therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty 3 doses of intracameral voriconazole(100μg/0.1ml) was administered suspecting recurrence. Fungal culture revealed non sporulating mould on SDA. PCR based DNA sequencing targeting the ITS region identified the fungal isolate as Mortierella wolfii (M. wolfii) belonging to zygomycetes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of human fungal keratitis caused by M. wolfii.